Title: Measures for reducing primary infections in the integrated management of huanglongbing in Sao Paulo citrus belt: technical and economic feasibility

Description: Tematic Project FAPESP process #2017/21460-0. This project aims to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of available measures to the citrus growers, which could be integrated in order to reduce these primary infections of HLB. Outside the orchard, measures applied directly to control the primary inoculum source will be evaluated. In the orchard edge, up to 200 m from the orchard boundary, the region with the highest concentration of bacteria carrier migrant psyllids from neighboring areas, other measures will be evaluated to bar the primary dispersion into the orchard; prevent the primary inoculation of bacteria by psyllid, preventing the vector access to the plant or its feeding on the plant.

Principal Investigator: Renato Beozzo Bassanezi

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* Activity 1.1. Dynamics of shoots in healthy and HLB-affected trees in commercial orchards, abandoned orchards and backyards
*  Activity 1.2. Determination of release density and distance of Tamarixia radiata to control Diaphorina citri


File	Description	Format	Author	Date
Climatic conditions	Temperature, RH and rainfall for each experimental period (replications)	.tif	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	03/07/2020
Data and formulas (dispersal distance and dispersal area)	Data used to calculate dispersal distance and area	.xlsx	Haroldo Linhares Xavier Volpe	03/02/2022
Data Tamarixia parasitism, psyllids and parasitoids emerged	Data (all treatments and blocks) used to calculate efficacy of parasitism, psyllids and Tamarixia (f1 generation) emerged (all release density and radii)	.xlsx	Haroldo Linhares Xavier Volpe	03/02/2022
Parasitism heat map (800, 1600 and 3200 wasps/ha)	Bi-dimensional graphs of the parasitism of Diaphorina citri nymphs by Tamarixia radiata allocated at different radii (7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 m) from the parasitoid release point. The parasitoid release densities were 800 (a), 1,600 (b), and 3,200 (c) parasitoid wasps/ha. The percentage of parasitized D. citri nymphs was assessed separately for each release radius. “+” indicates the parasitoid release point and black dots represent the places where seedlings with nymphs were attached to ‘Valencia’ sweet orange trees.	.tif	Haroldo Linhares Xavier Volpe	03/02/2022
Sample unit	Schematic representation of Tamarixia radiata release points (black dots) and points with ‘Valencia’ sweet orange seedlings (red dots) with 35 Diaphorina citri fourth-instar nymphs attached on ‘Valencia’ sweet orange trees located 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 m distant (radius – grey circles) from the release point. For each radius, release densities corresponding to 200, 400, 800, 1,600, and 3,200 parasitoid wasps per hectare (densities) were tested in four radii (distances from the parasitoide release pointtotaling 20 treatments. The release points were located equidistantly at 100 m. Light green circles represent ‘Valencia’ sweet orange trees (grove).	.tif	Haroldo Linhares Xavier Volpe	03/02/2022

* Activity 2.1. Evaluation of the effect of new shoots of citrus and Murraya paniculata crop trap plants on Diaphorina citri dispersal and HLB management
*  Activity 2.2. Evaluation of HLB incidence and gradient as function of planting direction and density of orchard edge blocks


File	Description	Format	Author	Date
Planting orientation and HLB incidence - Image analysis	Spreadsheet with data of all assessed areas (6 areas) and in two periods. Data corresponded to the total planting holes, removed and present trees, HLB incidence at each distance, cumulative removed trees, and cumulative HLB incidence at each distance for each block and its average. Data of planting direction (parallel or perpendicular to the orcdhard´s edge) are presented separately in each sheet tab.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	16/01/2023

*  Activity 2.3. Evaluation of the influence of the eradication or maintenance of HLB-affected trees at the border zone associated with the frequent vector control on disease dispersal


File	Description	Format	Author	Date
0 experimental area-trial 1	Spreadsheet contains the design of the experimental area-trial 1. Yellow cells represent the position of the sticky traps. White cells represent tree holes.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
1 infective psyllid results - lab -trial 1	Spreadsheet contains the results of qPCR detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ from psyllids attached in adhesive sticky traps.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
1 psyllid capture on yellow sticky traps - trial 1	Spreadsheet contains the number of Diaphorina citri adults attached in adhesive sticky traps.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
2 HLB assessment - trail 1 Plot 303	Spreadsheet contains the number of healthy trees (HLB-asymptomatic tree), diseased tree (HLB-symptomatic tree), non-eradicated tree, eradicated tree, and other categories at the plot 303 of trial 1.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
2 HLB assessment - trial 1 Plot 107	Spreadsheet contains the number of healthy trees (HLB-asymptomatic tree), diseased tree (HLB-symptomatic tree), non-eradicated tree, eradicated tree, and other categories at the plot 107 of trial 1	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
2 HLB assessment - trial 1 Plot 108	Spreadsheet contains the number of healthy trees (HLB-asymptomatic tree), diseased tree (HLB-symptomatic tree), non-eradicated tree, eradicated tree, and other categories at the plot 108 of trial 1.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
2 HLB assessment - trial 1 Plot 109	Spreadsheet contains the number of healthy trees (HLB-asymptomatic tree), diseased tree (HLB-symptomatic tree), non-eradicated tree, eradicated tree, and other categories at the plot 109 in trial 1.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
2 HLB assessment - trial 1 Plot 403	Spreadsheet contains the number of healthy trees (HLB-asymptomatic tree), diseased tree (HLB-symptomatic tree), non-eradicated tree, eradicated tree, and other categories at the plot 403 in trial 1.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
3 Production 2015-2018 - trial 1	Spreadsheet contains the fruit production of each plot in trial 1 from 2015 to 2018..	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
4 Fruit quality - trial 1 Plot 107	Spreadsheet contains information of fruit quality from fruit harvested from 2015 to 2017 of the plot 107 of trial 1.	.xls	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
4 Fruit quality - trial 1 Plot 108	Spreadsheet contains information of fruit quality from fruit harvested from 2015 to 2019 of the plot 108 of trial 1.	.xls	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
4 Fruit quality - trial 1 Plot 109	Spreadsheet contains information of fruit quality from fruit harvested from 2015 to 2019 of the plot 109 of trial 1.	.xls	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
4 Fruit quality - trial 1 Plot 303	Spreadsheet contains information of fruit quality from fruit harvested from 2015 to 2019 of the plot 303 of trial 1.	.xls	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
4 Fruit quality - trial 1 Plot 403	Spreadsheet contains information of fruit quality from fruit harvested from 2015 to 2019 of the plot 403 of trial 1.	.xls	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022

*  Activity 3.1. Evaluation of the efficiency of insecticide sprays at the edge of citrus plots


File	Description	Format	Author	Date
Trail 1 - HLB assessment	Spreadsheet contains the new diseased trees (HLB-symptomatic tree) detected in each strip from February 2017 to January 2021 in plots with and without additional insecticide sprays at the edge of citrus plots. Bimonthly assessments are presented separately in each sheet tab.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
Trail 1 - Plot design	Figure showing the position of yellow stick traps in one plot of experimental area. Green dots: trees without yellow stick trap. Yellow dots: tree that the yellow stick trap was placed.	.tiff	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
Trails 2 and 3 - Climatic condition	Temperature and relative air humidity for each experimental period of trial 2 and trial 3 from July to September 2020 carried out in Guaraci – SP, Brazil.	.XLS	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
Trails 2 and 3 - Psyllid mortality	Spread sheet with psyllid mortality data from trial from trial 2 and trial 3 in each sheet tab. Psyllid mortality were assessed in different positions of tree canopy and distances from the citrus plot edge. Border spray applications were made at each side of plot in parallel and perpendicular direction in relation with planting rows.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
Trails 2 and 3 – Spray coverage	Spread sheet with spray coverage data from trial 2 and trial 3 in each sheet tab. Spray coverage were assessed in different positions of tree canopy and distances from the citrus plot edge. Border spray applications were made at each side of plot in parallel and perpendicular direction in relation with planting rows.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
Trial 1 - Psyllid assessment	Spreadsheet contains the number of Diaphorina citri adults captured in adhesive sticky traps from September 2015 to January 2021 in plots with and without additional insecticide sprays at the edge of citrus plots. Fortnightly assessments are presented separately in each sheet tab.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
Trial 1 - Spray coverage	Spreadsheet with spray coverage data in different canopy positions and distances from the citrus plot edge. Experiment was performed with different sprayers and in orchards with different tree canopy size, comparing parallel and perpendicular spraying in relation with planting direction.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022

* Activity 3.2. Evaluation of weekly contact insecticide sprays in different border zone width of citrus plots located at the orchard perimeter to control HLB
*  Activity 3.3. Evaluation of weekly insecticide sprays in alternated rows as alternative to fortnightly sprays in total area of citrus plots located at the orchard perimeter to control HLB


File	Description	Format	Author	Date
Area 2 – Climatic condition	Temperature and relative air humidity for each experimental period of trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 from September 2020 to February 2021 in Gavião Peixoto – SP, Brazil.	.XLS	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
Area 2 – Psyllid mortality	Spreadsheet with psyllid mortality data from trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 in each sheet tab. Sprays were done in trees with 2 and 3 years-old, with spray volume of 25 and 40 ml/m3 of the tree canopy, and in alternated rows or in all rows. Spray coverage were assessed in different positions of tree canopy.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
Area 2 – Spray coverage	Spreadsheet with spray coverage data from trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 in each sheet tab. Sprays were done in trees with 2 and 3 years-old, with spray volume of 25 and 40 ml/m3 of the tree canopy, and in alternated rows or in all rows. Spray coverage were assessed in different positions of tree canopy.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
Area 2 – Spray wind speed	Spreadsheet with spray wind speed data of the mounted air blast sprayer from trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 at different distances from the spray nozzles to different parts of tree canopy.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
Area 3 – Climatic condition	Temperature and relative air humidity for each experimental period of trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 from May to September 2021 in Lucianópolis – SP, Brazil.	.XLS	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
Area 3 – Psyllid mortality	Spreadsheet with psyllid mortality data from trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 in each sheet tab. Sprays were done in trees with 1 year-old, with spray flow rate per spray noozle of 1.1 and 2.2 L/min, and in alternated rows or in all rows. Spray coverage were assessed in different positions of tree canopy.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022
Area 3 - Spray coverage	Spreadsheet with spray coverage data from trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 in each sheet tab. Sprays were done in trees with 1 year-old, with spray flow rate per spray noozle of 1.1 and 2.2 L/min, and in alternated rows or in all rows. Spray coverage were assessed in different positions of tree canopy.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	19/05/2022
Area 3 – Spray wind speed	Spreadsheet with spray wind speed data of the mounted air blast sprayer from trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 at different distances from the spray nozzles to different parts of tree canopy.	.xlsx	Renato Beozzo Bassanezi	06/05/2022

* Activity 3.4. Characterization and management of citrus shoots to optimize the chemical control of the psyllid
* Activity 3.5. Influence of vegetative development stages of citrus plants on the chemical control of Diaphorina citri and effectiveness of a psyllid control strategy based on shoot development dynamics
* Activity 3.6. Evaluation of kaolin spray on plants in the border zone of orange orchards as a barrier to the spread of the psyllid Diaphorina citri and HLB
* Activity 3.7. Study of the repellency and synergistic activity of volatile compounds from guava to Diaphorina citri and their use in “push and pull” strategy
* Activity 4.1. Benefit-cost analysis of treatments aimed at controlling primary HLB infections